Exploring the Rich Heritage of Kerala Mural: A Timeless Indian Traditional Art Form

Have you heard of Keral mural paintings? Let's get to learn about this ancient and vibrant art form.

Kerala mural paintings are the frescos depicting Hindu mythology in Kerala. Ancient temples and palaces in Kerala, India, display an abounding tradition of mural paintings mostly dating back between the 7th to 8th centuries AD when this form of art enjoyed royal patronage. It is characterized by vivacious imagery, bold strokes, and vivid colors. Ochre-red, yellow- ochre, bluish- green, white and pure colors are predominantly used in Kerala mural painting.

The characters in the murals are colored according to their characteristics as illustrated in the relevant Hindu mythological scriptures. Spiritual, divine and dharmic characters are depicted in shades of green. Those influenced towards power & materialistic wealth are painted in shades of red to golden yellow. Evil, wicked and mean characters are generally painted in white or black.

History and Tradition

Dating back to the 8th century AD, Kerala mural paintings evolved from temple art traditions. The classical period of this art form thrived during the 15th and 16th centuries under the patronage of the royal families and temple authorities. Over time, these paintings became deeply intertwined with the cultural and spiritual life of Kerala, serving as visual narratives of Hindu mythology and local legends. Kerala murals can be seen in places like Thirunadhikkara cave, Vaikom temple, Padmanabhaswamy temple etc.

Kerala murals primarily depict scenes from Hindu epics like the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and Puranic texts. Common themes include stories of gods and goddesses such as Vishnu, Shiva, Krishna, and scenes of divine love, valor, and morality. These murals convey both spiritual and philosophical messages, making them integral to temple aesthetics and devotion.

Material and method

Kerala mural art is characterized by meticulous attention to detail, vibrant colors, and beautiful compositions. At first, artists prepare the wall with layers of lime and sand mixture. Natural pigments derived from minerals, plants, and metals, are used to draw outlines and later fill the colors, using brushes made from natural fibers. Artists skillfully incorporate architectural features such as pillars, arches, and doorways into their compositions, creating a sense of depth and dimensionality. The paintings are often adorned with decorative motifs and geometric patterns, adding to their visual appeal.

V.M. Jijulal and Adarsh are some of the notable artists practicing this ancient art. 

What makes Kerala mural paintings unique?

Kerala mural paintings are unique for their use of natural pigments derived from minerals, plants, and organic sources, creating vivid and long-lasting colors. They also feature a distinctive style that emphasizes large, detailed figures, flowing lines, and harmonious compositions. The focus on intricate facial expressions and elaborate ornaments, combined with the use of a limited but vibrant color palette (primarily five colors known as Panchavarna), sets them apart from other mural traditions in India. No wonder it's known as one of India's crown jewel art!

Where can Kerala mural paintings be found?

Kerala mural paintings are predominantly found in temples, palaces, and historical buildings throughout Kerala. Some of the most famous examples can be seen in temples like the Guruvayur Temple, Ettumanoor Mahadeva Temple, and the Padmanabhapuram Palace. Additionally, these murals can be found in certain Christian churches in Kerala, where biblical themes are depicted using the traditional mural style.